Wednesday, May 23, 2012

Raising Money for Your Business


Capital is the life blood of a business. Aspiring entrepreneurs work to amass considerable sums for future ventures. But is saving really the answer? In business, doing things smarter means a lot: the formula of “industry, perseverance, and determination” is passé and useless – unless one adds “brains” in the end. That’s something successful entrepreneurs deliberately conceal. It’s a secret they hide to be ahead of their competition. Going back to raising capital, what are other viable means? What would be better than years of toil, saving up for that badly-needed “capital”. Consider the following:

  • Start small - if one’s savings isn’t enough to start his dream business, he should start from simple ventures. A buy and sell business is ideal for the notion that one can earn big returns from purchased cheap items that are resold. Items bought from Divisoria can be re-sold for twice or thrice the price one got them for. One can temporarily focus in this kind of business to save enough money for his dream business. Besides, the seed money isn’t too big to begin this venture.
Disadvantage – unless one is skilled in product trends, one’s inventory can end up becoming the dreaded “sleeping capital”. This is when items become unsold because of lack of demand for them. Buy and sell vendors fear this, since all their money is locked in them. This danger is greater for vendors of perishable items, like food stuffs. Near the end of the day, these vendors are forced to reduce prices to recoup investment, or worse, dump them and resign to a loss. Buy and sell vendors also face stiff competition from other vendors, reducing their chances from making sizeable sales. Unless they’re good at drawing and convincing customers to buy their wares, they’re better off selling elsewhere or go into other ventures. Anyone wanting this option is warned to carefully weigh whether it’s a gamble or a risk.

  • Earn capital from marketing your talent or skill – the good thing about this option is that one almost needs no money for it. He can peddle his skills first to family and friends. The word of mouth they provide about it can help him gain a sizeable clientele. Truly skilled practitioners can save a considerable sum, enabling them to pursue other ventures or further professionalize their current venture. They do so by purchasing additional necessary equipment to provide better service.
Disadvantage – the only bad thing about this option is the necessity to acquire vital equipment and consumables. In short, one needs money. For those with technical skills to practice, tools don’t come cheap. Without them, an entrepreneur would be unable to perform his service well. The necessary training is also essential, but lacking the essential tools makes it pointless. Both go hand in hand. Unless one’s skills are at par and has acquired the necessities for a service business, he’s better off spending time with other options.

  • Raise money from family and close friends – probably the easiest and surest way to gain capital. The simplest thing to do is to pitch them the business and ask for dough.
Disadvantage – easy as it is, it’s not without its downside. Because they financially contributed to the business, a reserved right to meddle is believed guaranteed. Even drawing the line on what kin cannot and can do seldom helps. Especially for Filipinos, doing so can be seen as ingratitude, or worse. The Filipino cultural consciousness often causes to refute the logic of such delineations.  As a close friend or immediate family, it is right for them to do whatever they please. If one is truly people-oriented, he is able to deal with these kinds of people in business. Otherwise, less stressful means to procure capital are available out there.

  • Money from usury schemes – usury is defined as a practice of lending money for interest. One common example are the loan sharks, like the notorious “payb-siks Bombay”. The credit card is another easy source. More so if its credit limit is from Php 250,000 and above – the amount being sufficient capital. The cash advances from these don’t need a guarantor, as well as collateral. Some successful entrepreneurs relate their experience of maxing out the cash advances in their credit cards. They used that to fashion their ventures into the ones much praised today.
Disadvantage – the huge interest. If one is sure that the business can turn in revenue suitable for BOTH profit and paying debts, there’s no harm in trying. The deciding factor is the revenue potential. Credit cards usually charge 3.5 percent monthly. Loan sharks demand payment with 10 or 20 percent interest after an agreed period. As before, one has to be careful whether this option for him will be a risk or a gamble.

  • Borrowing from Venture Capital firms – they lend capital ranging from 1 to 5 million pesos, without collateral. Payment is with 3 percent monthly interest. Aside from lending money, they also can invest in a business and partake in its management.
Disadvantage – unless the venture’s revenue potential is in the millions range, VCs don’t bother lending to modest start-ups.  Aside from being notoriously critical, Philippine VC firms are hard to find. One has to do research to seek them out. But even if one does, they rarely respond to cold calls. Networking your way to them through friends and acquaintances is the best option. Mark Zuckerberg’s Facebook venture went full blast after an associate introduced him to a VC firm that lent him money.

Lastly, banks and micro-finance companies are other sources to draw upon. But they only lend to businesses that have operated at least one year. Nevertheless, any determined aspirant can seek any of the options here. The most crucial factor is that one should not only know his business but himself. He must also differentiate between a risk and a gamble. A risk is a loss that one can recover from – his resources are not that too depleted so as to consider acceptable losses. On the other hand, a gamble earns a loss that leads to a deluge of problems that can go out of control. A gamble has too many considerations that confound the venture along the way when errors occur. Furthermore, if problems are encountered in a gamble, it turns hard to walk away – or worse.
     Hence, the worst thing that one can do is pick an option that he’s not able enough to handle. 

Monday, May 21, 2012

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About the Author/Owner

I am Francis Almazan, part-time columnist for the Golden Banner, part-time blogger and freelance writer. I write material on a variety of topics – the content you see here are the result of my efforts. We’re all aware that blogging is all about making money. But most importantly, it’s all about enlightening others...
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My interests are more into sketching and writing. I’m mostly into right-brained pursuits: activities that delve into creativity. And yes, one might be thinking that people who are into such stuff can be latent psychics (which I have yet to determine if it’s true with me...).
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As for music, my favourite genres are jazz and rock. I’m into classic works but I’m picky with the new ones. Inspirational celebrities for me would be Eminem and 50 Cent (though I don’t like hip-hop).
I favour historical movies – and yes, even sci-fi and horror. Chick flicks don’t interest me (I’m your typical straight guy). As for my favourites, that’ll be 300, Sin City, Alexander, Unleashed, Enemy at the Gates, Troy – and my most favourite, George Romero’s zombie saga...



Sunday, May 13, 2012

A Primer on Black Propaganda (2 of 5)


A media manager influences the public’s consciousness through his presentation of images and statements. But that doesn’t solely mean one person is designated with the task. A group can also be engaged in media managing – and any of its members, even the lowliest subordinate, is considered a media manager (i.e. radio, TV and print media company employees – like reporters, journalists, etc.) An advertiser is an example of a media manager (i.e. copywriters, etc.). The ads he creates – especially infomercials – influences the public to clamor for the product or service presented (or readily accept beliefs, in the case of political ads). One can conclude that media managing is also the business of persuasion. Their profession is seen in a positive light when their creations are factual. They become mind managers once their creations influence the public to accept a falsehood as truth. But mind managers can serve a positive purpose – like in times of war. Then again, it depends on the circumstances…

Social Judgment and Social Reality
The key to fully understand how black propaganda influences the public lies in two key sociology concepts: social judgment and social reality. A persuasion theory presented by social psychologists, Muzaker Sherif and Carl Hovland, social judgment explains how people readily embrace an idea presented to them.
     From childhood, the average person acquires social beliefs – either by unquestioningly accepting those taught or heard from others; or having experiences that reinforce those beliefs. At some point in his life, those would be challenged by exceptions. When in comparing the new idea (presented by the exception) he finds it more compelling and more logical over his beliefs, he comes to accept them until another exception convinces him to replace it. Otherwise, the next circumstance might cause him to revert to his original beliefs. To comprehend that passage, let’s take as an example how beliefs about stereotypes influence the Filipino consciousness – especially regarding Muslims. (A stereotype is an erroneous view that the traits of a group or race are represented by its individual member.) How one interacts with a Muslim largely depends on his past personal experiences or knowledge about them. If the knowledge or experience was positive, he expects the same with the next Muslim he meets. More instances of positive experiences would reinforce his personal perception or social judgment of them. Otherwise, a negative experience would change all that; or give him an alternative belief that it’s not the ethnic/religious affiliation that’s the problem but the individual. It’s also possible for one to tenaciously cling onto his existing beliefs, believing it compromises supporting beliefs, or forfeit him the benefits gained in reinforcing them. Though one is aware that blindly stereotyping Muslims is an immature and idiotic thought, would it also mean he is in favor with some of their religious practices that he is personally against?  Some Filipinos are reluctant to advocate against prejudice towards Muslims since it gives the impression to the uninformed majority that he’s in favor of polygamy (having more than one wife), among other “immoral” practices (from a solely Christian point of view, that is). To openly advocate against prejudice would mean social ostracization for others or for some, a conflict of principles. That expounds the definition of the social judgment theory: when a person decides what he will believe, he compares the new idea with what he already wants to believe and then decides whether to reject the idea (Charles Pearson). Rejecting or adopting a new idea largely depends on the accompanying circumstances that affect a person. That can very much determine the social reality perceived by society about an issue - but, what is social reality?
We learned that one’s social judgment serves as the basis on what would be the truth to him. Reinforcing that are two or more people who share a similar view. From that, we can define social reality – a set of social judgments that a group of people share about an issue or the like. The following example can help to understand that: the issue over cousin romances or marriages.
     Filipinos were taught that being romantically involved with a cousin is bad – the reason that it confuses family roles or bear deformed children for cousins who eventually marry and raise a family. One group of people clings to this belief because of personal experiences that validate them. Since each share the same belief (i.e. collective view), all are led to believe that their views are true – their numbers serving to reinforce it. Their collective view then forms a “social reality” of potential influence. Some would go to the extent of ridiculing people they know who do it – labeling them as “perverts”, etc. Here then arrives another group to the defense of the ridiculed – offering a social reality opposite the former. They could be a support or advocacy group of married cousins, who bore physically, and mentally fit children, and whose union was seen as permissible by their families. They also form their own reality about the issue, reinforced by their own collective view. Both groups insist their claims as true over the other, but of course they are – in relation to their respective collective view, that is.
How would this all fit into waging black propaganda? When a propaganda message (allegedly) successfully influences a favorable social judgment from a large number of people, their collective view forms a social reality ready to influence others. Often, the sheer number of believers of that reality is enough to compel others to blindly accept the truth; without them bothering to probe further. As they would think, “if the majority believes it, it must thence be true.” Hence, a collective social judgment on an issue forms a social reality that eventually influences a negative/positive public opinion towards it.
And it is thus that mind managers generate lies and half-truths to market as genuine truth. They would even go to the extent of engineering events or actions to drive home the point.
     Taking Garfield’s experience as example, the forged letter was made with the memory of the 1877 anti-Chinese riots still fresh in the public’s mind. A two-decade long economic depression made many white Californians jobless. They blamed their unemployment woes on Chinese workers, who didn’t mind getting low wages. As a result, they incited two riots – the first, in Los Angeles in 1871 then another in San Francisco in 1877. Garfield’s rival wanted Americans to believe the letter was real (the social reality they intended). That would ultimately convince them that he was undermining the job security of all Americans. If only they had been more meticulous of the details…
And this is where Schiller lays down an essential law for successful manipulation: the manipulator must always keep his hands clean. When a lie is exposed, not only does it lose its power, it exposes the perpetrator as well.  (To be continued…)

A Primer on Black Propaganda (1 of 5)


Scandals and intrigues often spelt the downfall of many prominent politicians. Consider these instances of famous Filipino and foreign figures whose political careers have been (or were almost) ruined by it…
·         Elpidio Quirino's 1953 re-election attempt was quashed by a circulated gossip. He reportedly bought a golden arinola for personal use in the Malacanang. Thanks to the nasty rumor, rival Ramon Magsaysay won a landslide victory over him.
·         Apolinario Mabini fell prey to a vicious tsismis that he contracted syphilis (a sexually-transmitted disease), causing his demise. This arose during the time the still-living Mabini was nominated to be the country’s first Supreme Court Chief Justice. But in truth, cholera claimed the life of the Sublime Paralytic on May 13, 1903. He got ill from it after ingesting unboiled, contaminated carabao milk.
·         If not for James Garfield's reputation as a good speller, a letter (that he allegedly written) would have cost him the 1880 US presidency. In the letter, he says he approves of the unhampered immigration of Chinese workers to the US - threatening unemployed Americans. But two spelling mistakes revealed it as a forgery. And so, he went on to become America's 20th president.
All three became victims to acts of black propaganda – any systematic effort to spread negative opinions or beliefs against a person (or virtually anything that anyone wants discredited). Recent approaches have become more subtle, giving the appearance that no smear campaign is being waged. BUT, IF ONE IS AWARE OF THE METHODS, THEY CAN BE NEUTRALIZED AT THE MERE HINT OF THEIR USE. Many have sought how black propaganda is carried out, and the late American author, Herbert I. Schiller gave ideas how in his book, “The Mind Managers”. In reading it, one may get the idea that waging black propaganda is no different from psychological warfare. Also called, “psy-ops” (short for psychological operations); it’s one of the most insidious forms of combat – insidious, in the sense that it involves exhorting a group to turn against one of their own. No weapons are involved except the images, statements or staged actions meant to trick an enemy nation’s citizens to lend support for (or submit to) a cause – that Schiller would say- “not in their long-term interest”. The Chinese military has a long, documented history of augmenting psy-ops into their war campaigns. China’s wordplay over the Spratly issue (including the use of harassing tactics by her navy against Philippine ships) is such an example. Her methods were meant to cause the Philippines to succumb to her demands, without firing a single shot. In an episode in Chinese history, the future first Han emperor, Liu Bang, forced a town to yield to him using mere threats. An insurrection after the fall of the Ch’in dynasty put the officials in the town of P’ei in a quandary: should they go support the rebellion or side with the Ch’in loyalists? They reluctantly chose the former option and enlisted the services of Liu Bang (then an outlaw) for the cause. Liu openly accepted their offer, and then set off for P’ei with a hundred men. But upon arriving at the town gates, they (the town authorities) locked him out. The feeble-minded officials decided at the last minute to scrap the agreement. A furious Liu wrote a threat (that he tied to an arrow to shoot over the gates) exhorting the townspeople to execute the idiots and to let him in, at the risk of being massacred. The circumstances of the moment prompted them to do. They believed that a skirmish with his group (at a time like that) was out of the question. Apparently, his threat got the better of them, as he was rumored to be extremely ruthless and cunning. Either he kills them or the loyalists would, since their leaders formerly agreed to side with the rebels. Liu Bang then became the town’s protector, from where he started his quest to be China’s next emperor. Waging psy-ops fulfills one of Sun Tzu’s tenets: subdue, without fighting the enemy. Winning (or subduing) the hearts and minds of the people counts much in winning a war – or any desired objective. Advertising also counts on winning the hearts and minds of the people for a product, service – or belief. And that leads to Schiller’s definition of what a mind manager is. But first, one has to look at his positive obverse, the media manager.    (To be continued…)

Sunday, May 6, 2012

What if Japan Hadn’t Fought Alongside the Axis Powers?

From the column entitled, “THE MIRROR OF HISTORY”
                                          
During World War II, the defenders of Bataan had their own day of infamy. What December 7, 1941 was to Franklin Roosevelt, April 9, 1942 was to the USAFFE troops holed up in Bataan. Months of relentless attacks from Japanese infantry and the defenders’ dwindling supplies – coupled with the impossibility of American reinforcements – compelled US Maj. Gen. Edward P. King to surrender his forces. Thus, on April 9 approximately 78,000 combined Filipino and American USAFFE troops ended their resistance. Disease and other harsh conditions decimated a considerable number of the defenders before the surrender. Many of the survivors were to die in the coming days upon becoming Japanese POWs. Of those 78,000 prisoners only about 54,000 lived to reach Camp O’ Donell in Capas, Tarlac. Their forced march from Bataan to Tarlac (the infamous Bataan Death March) claimed 24,000 lives. Casualties perished from a variety of causes: succumbing from sheer fatigue to the brutal treatment of their Japanese captors.
     Had historical circumstances been different, a Japanese alliance with the Axis powers never would have happened. As a matter of fact, one of the most profound questions of historians was, “What if Japan hadn’t fought alongside the Axis Powers?” Historians thought of it as they pondered the causes of Japanese involvement. They unanimously concluded that the racist treatment Japan received from Anglo-American powers was to blame – starting with the post-World War I peace conference.

Nine months before Germany agreed to a November 1918 armistice, US president Woodrow Wilson drew up a proposal known as the Fourteen Points. It was a set of aims he intended to bring about a “just peace settlement”. Eight of its items sought definite political and territorial agreements. The others stated general aims in avoiding future conflicts. The last proposed item sought for the foundation of an international organization, which eventually established the League of Nations. Of all the proposal’s items, the clause of racial equality caught Japan’s interest. A year before World War I broke out; the US state of California passed a harsh anti-immigration law against the Japanese. Approval of that clause would vindicate them from American racism.
     Unfortunately, the Paris Peace conference in May 1919 widely ignored most of the Fourteen Points’ noble aims – including racial equality. Wilson tried in vain to get ALL of the clauses in his proposals approved. The racial equality clause was vehemently opposed by some influential American political constituents. What made it more difficult for Wilson was that even Britain and Australia backed the opposition. The overwhelming hostility to the clause made him gave up in resignation, when the covenant of the League excluded it as it was made. As a result of that, Japan made no hesitation to scrap an earlier Anglo-Japanese alliance.
Adding further insult to their injury were the results of the 1921 Washington Conference. The event meant to bring forth a Naval Disarmament Treaty between Britain, the US, Japan, France and Italy. A famous Japanese Navy captain, Tameichi Hara, recounted it in his World War II memoir:
The disarmament agreement concluded at Washington in 1921 permitted Japan to maintain only 315,000 tons of battleships, as against 525, 000 tons each for Britain and the United States, and 175,000 tons each for France and Italy. Aircraft carrier strength was limited to 81,000 tons for Japan, 135,000 tons each for Britain and the United States, and 60,000 tons each for France and Italy. As regards [to] cruisers and other warships, the agreement set a ceiling of individual ship size of 10,000 tons
Capt. Hara further mentions another naval disarmament conference, held in London on April 1930. This time, Japan was obligated to set the limit on the strength of her heavy cruisers to 62 percent. America was given a 70 percent limit. The Japanese were again infuriated at the further unfair reduction of her naval strength.
All those instances gave Japan the general view of white power politics at play against them. They regarded them as ostentatious displays of Anglo-American racism and imperialism. Small wonder what that eventually caused…

Japan was to later experience serious economic problems, caused by a worldwide economic depression and foreign protectionist measures leveled towards their exports (i.e. high tariffs). It was compounded by the strain that a burgeoning population increase brought. An ease by foreign governments on immigration policies toward the Japanese could’ve spared Japan a bit from such problems. The racial equality clause could’ve also spurned cooperative international policies and efforts useful in solving the pressing global needs of the times. Unfortunately, as fate would have it, that never came to pass after the May 1919 conference. The Japanese Diet was desperate to prevent an imminent domestic social collapse, making them take drastic measures. The mounting problems they faced made them believe that war was the only solution. Thus, they engineered the Mukden incident in China to justify a renewed invasion – and with it, carry out a policy of territorial expansion. The rest, as they say, was history.

The utter disregard for racial equality was to be the undoing of the Anglo-American powers who largely decided that 1919 Paris conference’s outcome. If only they realized how equality can go a very long way for everyone, they could’ve avoided another global war – and prevent the loss of millions of lives in the process.